Bandits are rogue lawbreakers living a life of plunder and are one of the most common enemy types in Skyrim. You will typically find them in camps, some of which are marked on your map, and some of which are unmarked. Of the marked locations, bandits often inhabit both the interiors and exteriors of fort-type and other structures.
Although most bandits will attack you on sight, some may attack only when you get too close. Still others will demand that you pay them and attack if you refuse. Bandits can be members of any race (except Altmer), and may be spellcasters, archers, one-handed melee fighters, or two-handed melee fighters.
While the stronger bandit types will not appear until after you've reached the levels shown, you will continue to meet low-level versions even at high levels. Boss-level bandits will always be at the highest possible level, and will normally be identified as "Bandit Chief". Bandits of each type may vary in the combat equipment and style they use.
Normal Bandits are generally fairly easy to kill, while Bandit Chiefs and Marauders are tougher. Unlike other Bandit Marauders, Bandit Marauder mages (bandits with the Bandit Wizard class) begin appearing at level 24.
All bandits also carry a random assortment of items, which include beverages, lockpicks, food, jewelry, gems, tools, ingots, and a small amount of gold. Bandit Plunderers and Marauders carry more gold and may carry additional lockpicks.
^1This male Redguard bandit (EncBandit01Melee1HRedguardM) also appears in the list of level 1 archers (SubCharBandit01Missile), but has all the stats and inventory appropriate for a one-handed weapon fighter.
^2These Bandit Highwaymen are actually set as level 0, which means they have lower health and stamina than other bandits that appear when you are the appropriate level. If Dragonborn is installed, their level and stats will be corrected (hover to see values).
These bandits wield one-handed melee weapons and shields in battle. They carry the same weapons and miscellaneous items as their light armor counterparts, and wear a set of leveled heavy armor:
These bandits carry large, two-handed melee weapons into the fray. They wear the same leveled armor as their one-handed light armored counterparts (without the shield), and also carry one of the following weapons, depending on your level:
Two-handed melee bandits also carry a small amount of gold and have a chance to carry a few lockpicks. Bandit Plunderers and Marauders carry an orcish dagger and have no lockpicks.
^1These two-handed melee bandits appear in "berserker" leveled lists; they are identical to other two-handed fighters, except that they have a morality of No Crime instead of Any Crime and have the csHumanBerserkerLvl1 fighting style instead of csHumanMeleeLvl1.
^2SubCharBandit01Melee2HBerserk and SubCharBandit02Melee2HBerserk contain the same list of bandits, which means the berserkers that appear in the level 1 list also appear in the level 5 list (with stats and perks appropriate for level 1 bandits).
Archer bandits prefer to keep their distance, using a bow and arrows to attack. These bandits have the Bandit Archer class. They wear the same leveled armor as melee bandits, and also one of each of the following weapon types, depending on your level:
Archers carry the same miscellaneous loot as their one-handed counterparts, and also have a small chance of carrying additional arrows of any type (including glass, ebony, and Daedric). Archer Bandit Plunderers and Marauders carry more gold than those at lower levels.
^1This male Redguard bandit (EncBandit01Melee1HRedguardM) has all the stats and inventory appropriate for a one-handed weapon fighter, and also appears in the list of level 1 one-handed melee bandits (SubCharBandit01Melee1H).
^2None of the Khajiit archers can actually appear in-game as they never got added to the respective leveled list.
Bandit and Bandit Outlaw mages carry an iron dagger, while Bandit Thug mages carry a steel dagger. Bandit Highwayman, Bandit Plunderer, and Bandit Marauder mages carry a leveled dagger (iron, steel, orcish, dwarven, or elven).
In addition to their gear, bandit mages carry a random assortment of items, including lockpicks, food, jewelry, soul gems, ingredients, books, spell tomes, a leveled Conjuration or Destructionstaff, and a small amount of gold. Bandit Plunderers and Marauders carry more gold and have a chance to carry additional lockpicks than lower-level mages.
Bandit Chiefs use the same fighting style as other melee bandits, but are a higher level, which means they have more health, more stamina, and more perks. All Bandit Chiefs carry a leveled dagger (steel, orcish, or elven) in addition to one of the following weapons:
A Bandit Chief in steel plate armor, wielding his glass greatsword
These Bandit Chiefs wear the same heavy armor as their one-handed allies (without the shield). They carry a leveled dagger (steel, orcish, or elven) in addition to one of the following weapons:
If you speak to a bandit who is leaning against a wall, typically guarding the outside of a hideout, they may give a generic, non-hostile response (such as "You need something?"), although after a few seconds they will draw their weapon and attack. Male bandits will talk to themselves while idle, but they do not talk to each other unless scripted by a certain location [verification needed — verify males only].
"...never enough gold... just need one good haul..."
"...might pay off my bounty this time... walk into the city a free man..."
"...told him to just hand over the gold, but did he listen? Oh, no... they always have to fight back..."
"...I'll never do another span in that stinking jail... rather die than give myself up..."
"...he he he... two threes? What was he thinking? Fool never saw me pull that ace out of my boot..."
"[Sighing] ...need me some Skooma... the imported stuff... just one last time..."
"...gonna start keepin' a knife in my boot... tired of gettin' disarmed..."
"...should have known she was lying... said she'd wait for me... but they never wait..."
"...lyin' little harlot... that brat ain't mine... could be anyone's... won't get one rusty septim from me..."
"..."go to the college" da said... "use your smarts" he said... like I'm supposed to figure out which college he meant..."
"...hmph, wizards... Now that's power... Bet they got that "secret" magic... can turn wood to gold... yeah... Wish I could turn wood to gold..."
"...mead, mead, mead... kill him to get some beer every now and then? Stupid bees and their stupid honey..."
"...picking pockets, now that's the real art... ...no rough stuff, just take it and go... ...hmph, don't sound like much fun, though..."
"[Singing] ...once was a woman, as fair as an evenin', of springtime in old Stros M'Kai..."
"[Singing] ...with three beers down, the Orc did frown, and bid the Elf goodbye... ...for none could know, 'twas not for show, and someone had to die..."
"...kill 'em, he talks to me again like that... get him when he's sleeping... or poison his meat... see how he likes that."
Bandits encountered in Skyrim are generally twice as likely to be male than female. In most cases, the leveled lists that spawn bandits list each male bandit twice (except Khajiits) and each female bandit once.
Most bandits have a morality of "Any Crime", which means they're willing to commit any crime. Bandit Chiefs and the "berserker" variety of two-handed fighters, however, have a morality of "No Crime", which means they are unwilling to commit crimes of any sort. Their aggression is the same as any other bandit, though, so they will still attack you on sight.
Bandits that spawn within the exterior zone of Treva's Watch are set to spawn at a normal leveled list corresponding to your game level. However, bandits which spawn within the interior zone are set to appear 5 levels earlier, which means that at lower levels you will more likely encounter Bandit Marauders, etc.
There is a bandit imprisoned in Ravenscar Hollow who has been locked up by hagravens and will ask you to free him. If he survives the fight with the hagravens, he will demand all of your belongings and you will be forced to kill him. This bandit is one of the few with whom you can exchange more than a couple of lines of conversation.
Bandit Chiefs that spawn with a shield will bash you far more often than those who spawn with just a one-handed weapon, or two-handed versions of chiefs. Standard one-handed weapon and shield bandits also do not bash as much as their counterpart bandit chiefs do. It is quite possible to be stun-locked by a bandit chief with a shield, as they bash quickly and very often in quick succession.